While ray tracing of solar cells was established decades ago, ray tracing of entire modules has met obstacles, mainly because module optics are affected by geometric structures varying over a large scale of dimensions. In ...

Inspection of machine elements is an important task in production processes in order to ensure the quality of produced parts and to gather feedback for the continuous improvement process. A new measuring system is presented, ...

Commonly, the thermal behavior of solar cell modules is calculated with analytical approaches using non wavelength-dependent optical data. Here, we employ ray tracing of entire solar modules at wavelengths of 300-2500 nm ...

Improving the light trapping in a module results in an increase in the generated current. Consequently, an optimization of the front grid metallization of the cell is required for the best trade-off between series resistance, ...

In order to increase the overall solar energy gain of evacuated tube collectors, rear‐side reflectors are used. In this way, the otherwise unused incident radiation between the tubes can be reflected back to the absorber, ...